Crocodiles and caiman, the croc's smaller cousin, are found in Costa Rica. I have had the good fortune of seeing both of these in Central America. Although they are somewhat creepy, caiman and crocs are also fascinating. I am truly excited each time I see them. I've also been lucky enough to get close enough to get a photo.

Of the crocodiles, there is only the American Crocodile in Costa Rica. There are several species of caiman in Costa Rica, including the American caiman.

Although feared, crocodiles have been heavily hunted in many parts of the world. Costa Rica is a great place to come and view them. It's estimated that there are 10,000 - 20,000 individual American Crocodiles in Costa Rica.

Crocodiles are considered the most advanced reptile with a unique combination of reptilian and mammalian/avian characteristics. It is believed that crocodiles are more closely related to birds than to lizards. Crocodiles are large and can grow from 5-6m (13-15 ft) long and nearly 80% of their body weight is muscle and armored skin.

The surface scales of each scute of the American Crocodile sloughs off individually rather than shedding in large patches. Adults are olive brown, while the lighter-colored juveniles are tan with banding on the body and tail.

The external ear opening is covered with a flap to protect the inner ear while the crocodile dives. The eyes and nostrils are high on the crocodile's head enabling crocodiles to see and breathe while swimming.

American Crocodiles have five toes on the front feet and four on the back. These are partially webbed to help it swim.

Crocodile Behavior

The crocodile's body is well adapted to the marine environment. It will maintain its body temperature within the limits it needs to survive by basking in the sun when cool and seeking shade or water when hot.

The crocodile is a formidable predator and has fast reflexes. It can move quickly on land and swims efficiently in water. On land, it has two distinct types of walk. It crawls low on the belly or it can walk high which allows it to walk quickly.

The jaws of the crocodile are able to snap shut with incredible force and can crush skulls, bones and even cast iron. However, the muscles that open its jaws are weak. These can be held shut with a rubber band.

Crocodile have complicated social lives and have a system of communication. For example, crocodilians are know to head-slap the water to assert dominance. They snap their jaws to produce a snapping sound and blow bubbles. Tail thrashing is an indication that it will attack.

A well-known communication is the raising of the head which is called snout lifting. This is a submissive signal used during courtship, mating, or between a dominant and subordinate male.

Crocodile Food

Crocodiles tend to feed on vertebrates like fish, reptiles and mammals. Sometimes it will feed on invertebrates including mollusks, such as squid and octopus. It will also eat crustaceans, such as crabs, lobsters and shrimp.

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